Carrageenan | 9000-07-1
Huahana Huahana
ʻO ka Carrageenan kahi papa meaʻai semi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻo Kappa Karrageenan (E407a) i unuhi ʻia mai nā limu limu Eucheuma cottonii. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā gels thermoreversible ma ka ʻike kūpono a paʻakikī loa i ka ion potassium e hoʻonui nui ai i kāna mau waiwai gelling. Paʻa ʻo Carrageenan i ke ʻano alkali. ʻO Carrageenan kahi ʻohana maʻamau o nā ʻakika i unuhi ʻia mai ka limu ʻulaʻula. Hoʻihoʻi nui ʻia ka carrageenan i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia mai ka hoʻonā ʻana e ka ua waiʻona a i ʻole ka gelation potassium.
Holoi ʻia ka carrageenan semi-refined a mālama ʻia ka limu i ka alkali. ʻAʻole unuhi ʻia ka carrageenan mai loko mai o ka limu akā aia nō i loko o ka matrix pā hale. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā huahana carrageenan pāʻoihana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai gelling a me ka mānoanoa. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana carrageenan kūpono, hiki i ka mea hoʻokumu ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole mai nā wai kahe manuahi a i nā gels paʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano maʻamau, hana pū ʻo COLORCOM me nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻomohala i nā huahana hou a me nā ʻano hana no nā noi kikoʻī.
ʻO Carrageenans nā molekole nui a maʻalahi loa e ʻōwili i nā hale helical. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou i ka hiki ke hana i nā ʻano gels like ʻole i ka lumi wela. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka meaʻai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e like me ka mānoanoa a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi, ʻo ia ka pseudoplastic—he lahilahi lākou ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi shear a hoʻihoʻi hou i ko lākou viscosity ke wehe ʻia ke koʻikoʻi. ʻO ia ke ʻano he maʻalahi lākou e paʻi, akā ʻoʻoleʻa hou ma hope.
ʻO nā carrageenans he polysaccharides kiʻekiʻe-molecular-kaumaha i hana ʻia me nā hui galactose hou a me 3,6 anhydrogalactose (3,6-AG), ʻelua sulfated a me nonsulfated. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana e nā loulou alpha 1-3 a me beta 1-4 glycosidic.
ʻEkolu mau papa kālepa nui o ka carrageenan:
Hoʻokumu ʻo Kappa i nā gels ikaika a paʻa i ke alo o nā ion potassium; hana ia me nā Protein waiu. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ia mai Kappaphycus alvarezii[3]. Hoʻokumu ʻo Iota i nā gel palupalu i ke alo o nā ion calcium. Hana ʻia ia mai ka Eucheuma denticulatum. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau ʻo Gigartina mai ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa mua e pili ana i nā waiwai o kappa, iota, a me lambda carrageenan ʻo ia ka helu a me ke kūlana o nā pūʻulu ester sulfate ma nā ʻāpana galactose hou. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ester sulfate e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wela hoʻoheheʻe o ka carrageenan a hana i nā gel ikaika haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole ke kōkua i ka pale gel (lambda carrageenan).
Nui nā ʻano algal ʻulaʻula e hoʻopuka i nā ʻano carrageenans i ko lākou wā ulu. No ka laʻana, hoʻopuka ka genus Gigartina i ka nui o nā carrageenans kappa i kona wā gametophytic, a me nā carrageenans lambda i kona wā sporophytic. E nana i ke ano o na hanauna.
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea a pau i ka wai wela, akā, i ka wai anuanu, ʻo ke ʻano lambda wale nō (a me nā paʻakai sodium o nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻe).
Ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana meaʻai, loaʻa ka carrageenan i ka EU additive E-number E407 a i ʻole E407a i ka wā e loaʻa ai ma ke ʻano he "eucheuma seaweed i hana ʻia", a hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he emulsifier.
Ma nā ʻāpana o Scotland (kahi i ʻike ʻia ʻo (An) Cairgean ma Scottish Gaelic) a me ʻIlelani (ʻo Chondrus Crispus i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka Irish Gaelic like ʻole me carraigín [pōhaku liʻiliʻi], fiadháin [mea hihiu], clúimhín cait [puff cat] , mathair an duilisg [makuahine o nā limu], ceann donn [poʻo ʻulaʻula]), ʻike ʻia ʻo Carrageen Moss ua hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka waiū a kānana, ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ke kō a me nā mea ʻala ʻē aʻe e like me vanilla, kinamona, brandy, a whiskey paha. ʻO ka hopena hopena he ʻano jelly e like me ka pannacotta, tapioca, a i ʻole blancmange.
Ke hui pū ʻia ka iota carrageenan me ka sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), hana ʻia kahi hopena synergistic, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a me ka emulsifying ʻaʻole i loaʻa me kekahi ʻano carrageenan (kappa/lambda) a i ʻole me nā emulsifiers (mono a me diglycerides, etc.). Hoʻohui pū ʻia ʻo SSL me ka iota carrageenan, hiki ke hana i nā emulsions ma lalo o nā kūlana wela a me ke anuanu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu a i ʻole ka momona holoholona.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo carrageenan kahi mea hoʻohui i ka waiū soy i kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka brand Whole Foods.
Hōʻike
| NA MEA | KANAWAI |
| Ka nana aku | Māmā a me ka pauda kahe manuahi |
| Nalo ma ka maloo | max. o 12% |
| PH | 8-11 |
| Gel ikaika wai gel(1.5%,0.2kcl) | >450 g/cm2 |
| As | max. o 1 mg/kg |
| Zn | max. o 50 mg/kg |
| Pb | max. o 1 mg/kg |
| C d | max. o 0.1 mg/kg |
| Hg | max. o 0.03 mg/kg |
| Huina Papa | max. o 10,000 cfu/g |
| Ka huina hoololi mesophilic aerobic | max. o 5,000 cfu/g |
| Gel ikaika wai gel(1.5%,0.2kcl) | >450 g/cm2 |
| As | max. o 1 mg/kg |
| Zn | max. o 50 mg/kg |
| Pb | max. o 1 mg/kg |
| C d | max. o 0.1 mg/kg |
| Hg | max. o 0.03 mg/kg |
| Huina Papa | max. o 10,000 cfu/g |
| Ka huina hoololi mesophilic aerobic | max. o 5,000 cfu/g |
| Gel ikaika wai gel(1.5%,0.2kcl) | >450 g/cm2 |
