Toluene | 108-88-3
ʻIkepili kino huahana:
| Inoa Huahana | Toluene |
| Waiwai | wai aniani ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu me ke ʻala ʻala like me benzene |
| Lae hehee(°C) | -94.9 |
| Lae paila(°C) | 110.6 |
| Māmā pili (Wai=1) | 0.87 |
| ʻAno mahu (ea=1) | 3.14 |
| Pumi mahu (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Ka wela o ka puhi ʻana (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Mahana koʻikoʻi (°C) | 318.6 |
| Pumi koʻikoʻi (MPa) | 4.11 |
| ʻO Octanol/Wai hoʻokaʻawale coefficient | 2.73 |
| Kekahi uila (°C) | 4 |
| Ka wela wela (°C) | 480 |
| palena pahū luna (%) | 7.1 |
| palena pahū haʻahaʻa (%) | 1.1 |
| Ka hoʻoheheʻe | Iʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hui pū me ka benzene, ka waiʻona, ka etera a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe. |
Nā waiwai huahana:
1.Oxidised i ka benzoic acid e nā mea oxidizing ikaika e like me ka potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate a me ka waikawa nitric. Loaʻa ʻia ka ʻakika Benzoic ma o ka hoʻonā ʻana me ka ea a i ʻole ka oxygen i mua o kahi catalyst. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Benzaldehyde ma o ka oxidation me ka manganese dioxide i mua o ka sulfuric acid ma 40 ° C a i ʻole. ʻO ka hopena hōʻemi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka nickel a i ʻole platinum e hana i ka methylcyclohexane. Hoʻopili ʻo Toluene me nā halogen e hana i ka toluene o- a me ka para-halogenated toluene me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini trichloride a i ʻole ferric chloride ma ke ʻano he catalysts. Ma lalo o ka wela a me ka māmā, hana ia me nā halogen e hana i ka benzyl halide. ʻO ka pane ʻana me ka waikawa nitric e hoʻopuka i ka o- a me ka para-nitrotoluene. Inā hoʻohui ʻia me nā ʻakika i hui ʻia (ka waikawa sulphuric + acid nitric) hiki ke loaʻa ka 2,4-dinitrotoluene; hoʻomau ʻia ka nitration i ka 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). ʻO ka sulfonation o toluene me ka sulfuric acid concentrated a i ʻole fuming sulfuric acid e hoʻopuka i ka o- a me ka para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. Ma lalo o ka hana catalytic o ka alumini trichloride a i ʻole boron trifluoride, hoʻohana ʻia ka toluene i ka alkylation me nā hydrocarbons halogenated, nā olefins, a me nā waiʻona e hāʻawi i kahi hui o ka alkyl toluene. Hoʻopili ʻo Toluene me ka formaldehyde a me ka waikawa hydrochloric i loko o kahi pane chloromethylation e hana ai i ka o- a i ʻole ka para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Stability: Paʻa
3. Nā mea i pāpā ʻia:Snā oxidants, nā waikawa, nā halogens
4.Polymerization pilikia:ʻAʻole-polymerization
Hoʻohana huahana:
1. Hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe organik a me nā mea maka no ka lāʻau synthetic, pena, resin, dyestuff, explosives a me pesticide.
2. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Toluene e like me ka mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka benzene a me nā huahana kemika ʻē aʻe he nui. E like me nā pena, nā varnish, nā lacquers, nā mea hoʻopili a me nā ʻoihana hana ʻīnika a me ka thinner i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wai, resin solvents; nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika a me ka hana ʻana. ʻO ia hoʻi ka mea maka no ka synthesis kemika. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hui ʻana i ka ʻaila e hoʻonui i ka octane, a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe no nā pena, inks a me nitrocellulose. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka toluene i ka solubility o ka mea organik, he mea hoʻoheheʻe organik me ka nui o nā hoʻohana. He maʻalahi ka Toluene i ka chlorinate, hoʻohua benzene & mdash; chloromethane a i ʻole benzene trichloromethane, he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi lākou ma ka ʻoihana; He mea maʻalahi hoʻi ka nitrate, hoʻohua i ka p-nitrotoluene a i ʻole ka o-nitrotoluene, he mau mea maka no ka wai; He mea maʻalahi hoʻi i ka sulphonate, e hana ana i ka o-toluenesulphonic acid a i ʻole ka p-toluenesulphonic acid, he mau mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā kala a i ʻole ka hana saccharine. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mahu Toluene me ka ea e hana i nā mea pahū, no laila hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mea pahū TST.
3.Leaching agent no nā mea kanu. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea nui e like me ka solvent a me kahi mea hoʻohui i ka petrol kiʻekiʻe-octane.
4.Hoʻohanaʻia ma keʻano he analytical reagent, e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, ka unuhi a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana, nā mea hoʻopili chromatographic. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kala, nā mea ʻala, ka waikawa benzoic a me nā synthesis organik.
5. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻaila doped a ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā derivatives toluene, nā mea pahū, nā intermediates dye, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pēlā aku.
Nā memo mālama huahana:
1. E kūʻai i loko o kahi hale kūʻai ʻoluʻolu.
2. E mālama i ke ahi a me ke kumu wela.
3. ʻAʻole pono ka mahana mālama ma mua o 37 ° C.
4. E hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu.
5. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā mea oxidizing, a ʻaʻole pono e hui pū ʻia.
6.E hoʻohana i nā kukui pahū-hōʻoia a me nā pono ea.
7. Hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana mīkini a me nā mea hana maʻalahi e hoʻohua i nā huna huna.
8. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka wahi e mālama ai me nā lako lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia a me nā mea hoʻomaha kūpono.
