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ʻO ke kalapona i hoʻōla ʻia he kalapona i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea kūlohelohe (husks, lanahu, lāʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) me ka ʻole o ka ea e hōʻemi i nā ʻāpana kalapona ʻole (kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo carbonization).

A laila hana ia me ke kinoea a hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻili, hana i kahi hale me nā pores i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia (kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo activation).

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka lanahu OU-A:

Ka lapaʻau ʻana i ka wai ʻaila

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai aila ma ke ʻano adsorption ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea lipophilic e adsorb i ka ʻaila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe i ka wai ʻino.

Lapaʻau ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala wai

He paʻakikī ka hana ʻana o ka wai ʻōpala, nā loli nui i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ka chromaticity hohonu a me ka noʻonoʻo kiʻekiʻe, a paʻakikī ke mālama ʻia.

ʻO nā ʻano hana lapaʻau nui ka oxidation, adsorption, membrane separation, flocculation, a me ka biodegradation.Loaʻa kēia mau ʻano i kā lākou pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema, ma waena o ka carbon activated hiki ke hoʻopau pono i ke kala a me ka COD o ka wai ʻino.

Lapaʻau ʻana i ka wai ʻino me ka mercury

Ma waena o nā mea hoʻohaumia metala kaumaha, ʻo ka mercury ka mea ʻona loa.

Ke komo ka mercury i ke kino o ke kanaka, e hoʻopau ia i nā hana o nā enzymes a me nā protein ʻē aʻe a hoʻopilikia i kā lākou resynthesis.

Loaʻa i ka carbon activated nā waiwai o ka adsorbing mercury a me ka mercury-containing compounds, akā ua kaupalena ʻia kona hiki adsorption, a kūpono wale ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Lapaʻau ʻana i ka wai ʻino i loko o ka chromium

Nui ka nui o nā pūʻulu o ka oxygen ma ka ʻili o ka carbon activated, e like me ka hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa ka hana electrostatic adsorption, hana i ka adsorption kemika ma ka hexavalent chromium, a hiki ke hana pono. adsorb hexavalent chromium i ka wai ʻino, ʻO ka wai ʻino ma hope o ka adsorption hiki ke hoʻokō i ka maʻamau hoʻokuʻu aupuni.

Catalysis a kākoʻo ʻia

ʻO ke kalapona graphitized a me ke kalapona amorphous kekahi ʻāpana o ke ʻano aniani o ke kalapona hoʻāla ʻia, a ma muli o kā lākou mau paʻa unsaturated, hōʻike lākou i nā hana like me nā kīnā crystalline.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kalapona hoʻāla ʻia ma ke ʻano he catalyst ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hemahema crystalline.I ka manawa like, no ka nui o kona ʻāpana kikoʻī a me ke ʻano porous, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he catalyst carrier.

Lapaʻau lapaʻau

Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai adsorption maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka carbon activated no ke kōkua mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi.Loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻia e ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻole, a hiki ke lawe pololei ʻia ma ka waha, maʻalahi a maʻalahi.

I ka manawa like, hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona hoʻōla no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko a me ka maʻi kanesa.lapaʻau, etc.

No nā electrodes supercapacitor

Hoʻokumu nui ʻia nā supercapacitors i nā mea hana electrode, electrolytes, nā ʻohi o kēia manawa a me nā diaphragms, i waena o nā mea electrode e hoʻoholo pololei i ka hana o ka capacitor.

Loaʻa i ke kalapona i hoʻoikaika ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī nui, hoʻomohala i nā pores a me ka hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi, a ua lilo ia i mea electrode carbonaceous mua loa i hoʻohana ʻia i nā supercapacitors.

No ka mālama hydrogen

ʻO nā ʻano hana mālama hydrogen i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen gaseous pressure kiʻekiʻe, ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen liquefied, ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen alloy metala, ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen hydride wai, ka waihona hydrogen material carbon, etc.

I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea kalapona ka nui o ka carbon activated super, nā nanocarbon fibers a me nā nanotubes carbon, etc.

Ua hoʻokipa nui ʻia ka carbon activated ma muli o ka nui o nā mea maka, ka ʻāina kikoʻī nui, nā waiwai kemika o ka ʻili i hoʻololi ʻia, ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen, ka wikiwiki desorption wikiwiki, ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi a me ka hana maʻalahi.

No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea

I ke kaʻina hana o ka desulfurization a me ka denitrification, hoʻāla ʻia nā mea kalapona i ka nānā ʻana ma muli o kā lākou pono o ka hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kumukūʻai hana, ʻike i nā kumuwaiwai, a me ka hana hou ʻana.