ʻO ka betaine (BEET-uh-een, bē'tə-ēn', -ĭn) i loko o ke kemika he hui kemika kūʻokoʻa me kahi pūʻulu hana cationic i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e like me ka ammonium quaternary a i ʻole phosphonium cation (maʻamau: ion onium) ʻaʻole i loaʻa. hydrogen atom a me kahi pūʻulu hana hoʻopiʻi ʻino e like me kahi hui carboxylate ʻaʻole paha e pili kokoke i ka pūnaewele cationic.ʻO kahi betaine no laila he ʻano kikoʻī o zwitterion.Ma ka mōʻaukala ua mālama ʻia ka huaʻōlelo no trimethylglycine wale nō.Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau. I loko o nā ʻōnaehana biological, nui nā betaines kūlohelohe e lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he osmolytes organik, nā mea i hana ʻia a lawe ʻia paha mai ke kaiapuni e nā cell no ka pale ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi osmotic, ka maloʻo, ka salinity kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili intracellular o nā betaines, ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia i ka hana enzyme, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka protein a me ka pono o ka membrane, e ʻae i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai i loko o nā cell, pēlā e pale ai i nā hopena o ka dehydration.He mea hāʻawi methyl ia i ʻike nui ʻia i ka biology. ʻO Betaine kahi alkaloid me ka hygroscopicity ikaika, no laila ua mālama pinepine ʻia me ka anti-caking agent i ka hana hana.ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa kona ʻano molekala a me ka hopena noi mai ka betaine maoli, a no ka waiwai maoli e like me ka synthesis kemika.E hoʻololi i ka methionine e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana a hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai hānai.
