L-Tyrosine | 60-18-4
Huahana Huahana
ʻO Tyrosine (hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Tyr a i ʻole Y) a i ʻole 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, ʻo ia kekahi o nā waikawa amino 22 i hoʻohana ʻia e nā cell e synthesize i nā protein. ʻO kāna codonsare UAC a me UAU. He ʻakika amino pono ʻole me kahi hui ʻaoʻao polar. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "tyrosine" mai ka Greek tyros, ʻo ia hoʻi ka cheese, e like me ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1846 e ke kemika Kelemania ʻo Justus von Liebig i loko o ka proteincasein mai ka cheese. Kapa ʻia ʻo tyrosyl ke kapa ʻia he hui hana a i ʻole kaulahao ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka ʻike ʻana o ka hopena i ke ʻano o ke kanaka i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.
Ma waho aʻe o ka proteinogenic aminoacid, tyrosine he kuleana kūikawā ma muli o ka hana phenol. ʻO ia i loko o nā protein i ʻāpana o nā kaʻina hoʻololi hōʻailona. He hana ia e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻulu phosphate i hoʻoili ʻia e nā proteinkinases (i kapa ʻia ʻo receptor tyrosine kinases). Hoʻololi ka Phosphorylation o ka hydroxylgroup i ka hana o ka protein target.
He koʻikoʻi ko ke koena tyrosine i ka photosynthesis. I loko o nā chloroplasts (photosystem II), hana ia ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi anelectron i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka chlorophyll oxidized. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻopau ʻia ka deprotonation o kāna phenolic OH-hui. Hoʻemi ʻia kēia radical i ka photosystem II e nā hui manganese kumu ʻehā.
Ua ʻike ʻia he nui o nā haʻawina e pono ai ka tyrosine i ka wā o ke kaumaha, ke anu, ka luhi, ka nalowale ʻana o kahi mea aloha e like me ka make a hemo paha, ka hana lōʻihi a me ka hiamoe hiamoe, me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā pae hormone stress, ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha kaumaha i ʻike ʻia ma nā ho'āʻo holoholona, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana noʻonoʻo a me ke kino i ʻike ʻia i nā hoʻokolokolo kanaka; akā naʻe, no ka mea ʻo tyrosine hydroxylase ka enzyme e kaupalena ana i ka helu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopena ma mua o ka L-DOPA.
ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi ʻo Tyrosine i ke ʻano, ka noʻonoʻo a i ʻole ka hana kino i nā kūlana maʻamau. ʻO ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia lā no kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka palapala ma kahi o 100 mg/kg no ke kanaka makua, ʻo ia ka nui ma kahi o 6.8 grams ma 150 lbs. ʻO ka helu maʻamau he 500-1500 mg i kēlā me kēia lā (no ka nui o nā mea hana i manaʻo ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā mea hana; maʻamau e like me 1-3 capsules o ka tyrosine maʻemaʻe). ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻoi aku ma mua o 12000 mg (12 g) i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hōʻike
| Nā mea | Kūlana | Nā hopena hoʻāʻo |
| ʻO ka hoʻololi kikoʻī[a]ᴅ²⁰ | -9.8° a i-11.2° | -10.4° |
| Klorida(CI) | ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.05% | ＜0.05% |
| Sulphate(SO₄) | ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.04% | ＜0.04% |
| Hao（Fe） | ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.003% | ＜0.003% |
| Nā metala kaumaha | ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.00015% | ＜0.00015% |
| Pohō ma ka maloʻo | ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.3% | ＜0.3% |
| Koena ma ka Ignition | ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.4% | ＜0.4% |
| Hoʻāʻo | 98.5%-101.5% | 99.3% |
| Ka hopena | Kūlike me ka maʻamau USP32 | |
